OCD (osteochondritis dissecans) of the ankle can occur when blood supply to the bone and cartilage is very poor or cut off. The condition typically presents after trauma to the ankle. In the event of a severe ankle sprain, bone or cartilage pieces can become loose, causing pain and swelling, eventually leading to reduced blood supply. This can lead to bone tissue death.
OCD is a rare condition that often results from sports requiring repetitive jumping and pivoting. It affects young athletes during growth spurts (10-16 years of age).
Symptoms include ankle instability, pain, swelling, and ankle stiffness or immobility. Treatments for OCD include rest, ice, bracing, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. Surgery is recommended when all other conservative methods fail, if pain persists for more than 3 months, or if ankle motion is extremely restricted.